1. Replacement risks take place primarily with appropriate accounts becoming imbalanced. Failed banks simply cannot get refunds and hence the great risk comes into existence.

2. The different time zones of the world could give result in settlement risks. This happens when different countries trade at different prices at different times during a single day. It is normal for the Australian and New Zealand dollars to get credited first, followed by the Japanese Yen and then the several European currencies ending with the US dollar. So, any payment made to a party which is gearing to declare itself insolvent soon after but before it executes its own payments, is definitely a risky proposition.

Hence to know the intensity and spread of the risk, the trader not only has to be thorough about the value of his currency portfolios, but also the intrinsic risk accompanying these portfolios. The level of exposure of his portfolios can be assessed by doing a probability analysis till the maturity of the outstanding position. Credit risks these days are executed very efficiently by computerized systems. Over and above this, the matching system which is now implemented in the foreign exchanges since April 1993 is also helping the traders to implement the credit policies. They simply have to input all the relevant line of credit details for a specific counterparty, which gets adjusted during the trading period. If the party has completely exhausted his line of credit, the trader would automatically be stopped from doing any further deal with the party. The system is capable of ensuring this. The credit forex line returns to its starting level, after maturity.